In the twentieth century, tractor-mounted mowers and rakes became the standard equipment for harvesting the hay crop. Hay rakes, also drawn by horses, created long rows of cut grass, known as windrows, in which hay could cure. Farmers began using horse-powered mowers to cut grass crops in the second half of the nineteenth century. New York farmers of the mid-nineteenth century were encouraged to cover their haycocks with hay caps made of fabric sheeting to protect them from dew and rain. Once cut, it was raked into small piles, or haycocks, and left to dry, or cure, in the field. Through the nineteenth century, hay was routinely cut by hand with scythes. The counties with the most acreage in hay are in the Adirondacks and Southern Tier, while the highest average yields per acre are found on the rich farmland of western and central New York. More recently, hay production has fallen off in the region surrounding New York City. Before the advent of the automobile and the decline of horse-drawn vehicles, hay was harvested throughout New York State, with high concentrations in the Hudson Valley to provide feed for horses and other animals in the city. Hay, the grass crop the barracks protected, can be grown on hilly terrain and in heavy soils that are not well suited for grain or other crops. They were most common from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries, although contributors to the agricultural press advocated for their construction as late as the second half of the nineteenth century, and some older structures were still in use into the twentieth century. Hay barracks were erected from Long Island to western portions of the state. The initial use of hay barracks is associated with New York’s Dutch settlers, but the form was adopted by New Yorkers of other ethnicities as well. Other barracks were portable, set on skids so they could be moved to wherever they were needed. Some hay barracks had a permanent location on a farm they might have a stone foundation or posts set into the ground. Used to cover stored hay, these simple open-sided structures consisted of four or more wooden posts supporting a roof, usually of thatch, which could be raised or lowered to protect hay stacked beneath. Hay barracks were introduced in the New World by Dutch settlers to New Netherland, and the form continued to be used even after the English took control of New York. The following excerpt is from Chapter 3, “From Haystacks to Silos.” Storing Hay Throughout History Falk explores the evolution of rural architecture and agricultural technology including advancements in hay cultivation and storage. In Barns of New York: Rural Architecture of the Empire State, author Cynthia G. Corresponding additions to the farm landscape, including various silo forms, were the product of experimentation by early American farmers to increase the longevity of harvested grains. Defender and her crew have been engaged on operations over the past three years, covering four major oceans and most of the world’s seas – and so we’re accomplished at missions such as this.Effective hay and silage storage was essential to European settlers in the New World, where there was great demand for animal feed and the terrain was well suited for hay production. “Escorting ships through UK waters is routine activity for the Royal Navy and demonstrates our commitment to the vital sea lanes upon which the UK depends. “HMS Defender is the fleet’s quick reaction escort, which means we’re ready to respond to any threats to the nation’s safety or security,” said Commander Peter Evans, HMS Defender’s Commanding Officer. RAF Typhoons and P-8A Poseidon aircraft from RAF Lossiemouth also worked in coordination with Defender to monitor the Russian vessels. #fullCircle We return to Glasgow to host our friends and affiliates where we were built □ /vjPIoGnPr2Įarlier in the month, HMS Defender monitored a three-strong group of Russian warships and maintained contact with the force as it continued its journey past the British Isles.Īssisted by her Wildcat helicopter from 815 Naval Air Squadron, the Portsmouth-based destroyer shadowed the Russian trio – guided-missile frigate Admiral Grigorovich and two Stereguschiy II-class corvettes, Soobrazitelny and Stoikiy. The Type 45 Destroyer, which was built on the Clyde by BAE Systems, was berthed at Govan’s King George V Docks, just a mile downriver from where she was built. Together with her sister vessels, Defender is one of the most advanced warships ever constructed. Launched in December 2009, HMS Defender is the fifth of the Royal Navy’s six Type 45 destroyers. HMS Defender returned to the River Clyde for a four-day visit to her affiliated city. HMS Defender was in Glasgow at the weekend.
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